Thursday, April 9, 2020

(转) 预测通缩,又要刺激内需

这篇文章很长,近两万字,读完需要一个小时,但是强烈建议对经济感兴趣的朋友看一看,也许对未来有点不同的想法,至少不会人云亦云!
此文是一个叫“大文豪曼因斯坦”早年在网上发的帖子,高手在民间,预言非常准,可惜找不到作者,原帖也删了,后有人在知乎上发了出来,读完受益匪浅,逻辑非常震撼,很想将他的观点传播出去。文章较长,需要细细品味,值得多看几遍。
01
在开始这个话题之前,我首先要说的是我并不是一个阴谋论者,什么共济会掌握世界之类我是从来不信的。阴谋论这种东西实在太考验执行者的智商,而我们的智商历来都是不太够用。不过有些事背后的蛛丝马迹又实在太过于匪夷所思,日本著名小学生曾经说过,当所有的可能全部被排除的时候,剩下的最后一个,不管看起来多么荒谬,那就是事实的真相,昨天深夜,我把所有的脉络理了一遍,来看看这个事情的过程,突然觉得很有意思。这些就当是路边社的呓语,我姑妄言之,你们姑妄听之。
1、老大哥的命门。今年最诡异的事情,莫过于楼市,往年楼市的回魂,都是有迹可循的,那就是一段时间内交易量放大,成交上涨以后,带来库存减少,房价上涨,但是这一轮楼市的爆发完全不同以往,首先是价格飙升,带动市场恐慌后才赢来成交上涨,那只有形的手过于明显。有人说是因为一月的放水,但是不对,周期不对,市场传导的时间需要一个过程,就比如如果今天放水,反馈到市场上至少要几个月,带来价格飙升也应该在年底,而这一波是一月放春节后立马立竿见影,时间节点不对。在开始这个话题之前,我们得先知道老大哥的命门是什么?相信很多人会异口同声的说,楼市。没错,楼市的确是个大问题,而且已经彻底绑架了中国经济,如果楼市玩蛋,那是一个大地震,但是他绝对不会是一个能威胁到老大哥的问题,金融市场的烂帐老大哥也是碰到不少,就比如世纪初,可谓是有丰富的经验,这是一个大问题,但是绝对不是一个生存问题。
老大哥真正的命门是外储。从八十年代后,老大哥已经彻底融入世界经济,生产低级必需品,然后换来美元,然后再从市场上购买各种石油,南美的大豆玉米等粮食产品,这是一个循环,现在每年老大哥需要从市面上进口高达几千亿的石油,三分之一的粮食产品依赖进口,粮食自给是一个大问题,八十年代后,国人越吃越好,就是得益于全球经济,而不是金坷垃,像养猪养牛,从粮食到肉产品的转化都是一个固定的数据,你要养出多少吨的猪,必然要投入多少的饲料,所以你现在可以理解为什么外储才是一个生死存亡的问题。手中有粮,心中不慌。08年前,每年外储增加多少都是要上新闻联播大书特书的事情,因为这个是硬需求,楼市塌了可以咬牙还贷,可以上信贷黑名单,可以苦难行军,但是吃不起饭,买不起石油呢?很多人没有意识到,或者完全没有想到这个问题有多严重:过去中国的外储从高峰期下降了一万亿美金。
大哥难道不知道现在一二线楼市有多荒谬?再加把火那不就更加骑虎难下了?房产市场的问题在于库存,最理想的结果当然是把大家赶去三四线买房,给国家解套了,但是问题是没人会那么傻,所以这个问题不会有最优解,那么,我们来换个思路呢,既然我解决不了库存问题,那我放出风去让你知道我要保楼市。就像下围棋一样,我这里一条大龙看着很庞大,没人觉得我会弃子,但是我要是以这条大龙做掩护来做文章呢?其实围棋就是一个转换的游戏,如果弃掉大龙可以获得更多的利益,这并不是无法接受的事情。
在过去的一年里,外储为什么持续减少,绝不是离岸市场的问题,那里的弹药有限,外储一旦要爆也是爆在国内,大家如果持续换美元避险,外储绝对顶不住,但是这大半年时间内,有一个现象你可以观察:那就是美元党的声音小了。外储一月到二月持续下降,但是到了二月三月就彻底站稳了,这出乎不少人的意料,因为按照道理说,汇市已经进入下行期,应该会越来越快才对,但是汇率虽然在节节败退,然而这半年时间内,他绝不是在溃败,外储一直稳定在32000亿左右,并没有减少,外汇持续贬值,但是央行并没有花掉太多弹药。外汇的表现和房产楼市的周期是完全一致的,彻底站稳的时间也是楼市起飞的时间,也就是说,这大半年时间内,这波楼市最大的成就就是彻底把社会游资全部锁在了一线房产,你想换美元?你没钱了,你没钱了,你没钱了。
房产现在很难卖,要达到预期的价格,你看看成交量是多少,降价?降回原价你愿意吗?所以流动性彻底被锁死在一线市场,你还加了杠杆,你得还钱啊,美联储加息,你也只能站着看,因为你没钱了。这就是所谓的灯下黑,大家一波炒作中国的楼市问题,把这个问题看得有多么严重,但是我用一个大问题掩盖另一个生死问题,这用围棋上的术语,就叫交换。大家都觉得老大哥必须保楼市,这已经是宇宙真理了,但是你如果换个角度,假设这个大前提不存在呢?你仔细数数老大哥的历史,远的80前不提,近的比如90年代,这才过了多少年你就觉得老大哥改吃素的?历史上比这更严重的事情多了,只有吃饭的问题才是本质问题。况且到现在你还买得起五万一平房的那也绝不是老大哥要同情的对象。
2、暧昧的美联储。我在很多论坛上看到一种论调,那就是中央会无限印钱,信贷猛增,所以未来一定是通胀,现在所有的人都抱着一种念头,就是疯狂抢购资产,等以后货币狂贬了之后扔一堆废纸给银行,问题是,未来真的会这样吗?这些话表面上看,似乎有点道理,无限印钞好像很符合我们对过往的印象,不就是缺钱,不就是欠钱,那就印啊。但是这件事有一个前提,那就是中国必须是一个闭关锁国的国家,内外资本完全无法流通,否则你印钱好啊,那有什么可怕的,你印到人人工资一两万,我出国潇洒去啊,我出国购物去啊,楼市汇市只能保一个这么简单的道理你们都说的出来,为什么你们会觉得无限印钞这事可行?要是汇率不倒,印钞有啥可怕的,到时候人人用雅诗兰黛,人人开宝马,人人背LV都不是梦,你们怕啥?

问题是,这可能吗?

中国的外储顶不住啊。而且,这个事情本身有其客观规律,08年全球金融危机,大量避险资金进入中国,所以推高了资产价格,央行可以印的出钞,但美联储进入加息周期,在加息周期用宽松政策?这是嫌命太长吗?这会直接刺破资产泡沫,导致资本进一步外流,你可以去翻翻央行过去的报告,看看外汇占款的趋势是什么?在这种情况下,为什么有人会认为这是一个通胀的周期,央行会无限印钱?
也许有人说,那怕什么,上手段啊,但是中国是一个产品输出输入大国,他无法隔绝外部的联系,这个月IMF给中国加入SDR后出具了首份报告,肯定了中国的一些努力和指出一些问题,可以看出闭关锁国这绝不是高层的想法。话题回到美联储身上来,自从去年开始加息之后,美联储按兵不动,这一点让市场有点看不明白,有的人认为是经济表现不如预期,有人认为是英国意外脱欧导致了美联储不敢动。但是我觉得这看起来更像是一种等待,他在等什么?那我们来看看如果美联储在上半年加息国内市场会发生什么?由于社会游资,也就是筹码在市场手里,这时候对于资本外流会形成巨大压力,你只要想想过去几年释放了多少流动性就知道这冲击力会有多大。

很多人觉得美国就是一定想要干掉中国,但是这是不对的,美国的财团在中国有着巨大的利益,同时,中国外储使用的是美元,这代表着双方在资本市场的分歧并没有宣传的那么大。现在是一个全球的市场,除了三胖,大家谁也离不开谁,实际上,这一轮新的全球金融危机策源地就在中国。

所以美联储绝对不会想要中国这个世界第二经济体一波跳贬直接跪了,在这点上,双方是有共同语言的。今年年初,美国高层还放话对于人民币贬值不满,可见一斑,同时中国最高领导人也在峰会上承诺稳定汇率,其实中国境内的美元资本全部回流这也绝非美联储的本意,一旦人民币跳贬,这会导致这波加息变成夹生饭,进一步加大美国国内压力,最后变成一个比烂的游戏。

而对我们来说,因为中国现在是秩序的维护者,受益者,我们一年从其中获取了几千亿美金的顺差,怎么可能会想去破坏这个秩序。汇率贬值有利于释放国内的资金压力,刺激出口,但是这个过程不能太快,一旦跳贬,那会引发资金大规模出逃,这个道理就像高压锅一样,缓慢的释放是有利的,但是你直接掀盖就炸了。那么贬值对中国有利,对什么国家不利?当然是世界大经济里的其他国家,你这等于是薅别的国家的羊毛。所以在对待跳贬这件事情上中美是有共同利益的,美联储最理想的是人民币挺住,剪完羊毛就行,绝不是想要这羊带着人肉炸弹直奔家里来。不管美联储为什么不加息,但是在这个事情上的表现,双方体现出了一致的默契,至于这是无意的还是沟通过的就不得而知。

现在中国市场上的社会资金,影子银行全部都给套在一线房产里了,而且套牢盘十分稳固,要知道,这一波暴涨直接翻了一倍啊,你想想这套牢盘能不稳吗?可以说,在加息风暴中,至少老大哥已经把篱笆扎起来了,后面扛几波风暴会不会伤筋动骨不知道,但是至少比原来强多了

3、吹响的集结号。今年八月,信贷数据一出来,大大出乎市场的意料,很多人乐观的以为央行很快会霜降放水,但是这次央行是出乎意料的严厉,8月4日,发改委文件里出现了降息降准马上秒删,央行再次重申稳健的货币政策,8月11日,新华社撰文,中国绝不采取刺激宽松的货币政策,语气十分强硬。为什么会有这样的转变?

因为你们的钱全部套在房产上了,这时候我不需要和你们讲道理了,你们挺住就是了。这就像那部电影,当集结号吹响的时候,没有援军了,老大哥已经撤了,你们好好的站最后一班岗吧。在八月的数据,有一条十分重要,但是容易被很多人忽略,那就是M2增速降到10.2%,这是历年新低,实际上已经标志着货币政策开始真正转向,按照市场传导,这一波会在年底前反应出来,时间大概是11到12月,那么今年的六月,就是中国地产的极值。

如果我们来重新梳理下路径,差不多就是这样的:中国一线房产6月达到极值,开始转入稳健货币政策周期,年底楼市开始松动,因为有聪明人开始准备跑路,这时候的表现就一个词:震荡,同时经济开始准备全面迫降,估计会在明年全面着陆,同时美联储加速进入加息周期,人民币汇率贬值窗口关闭,不会再贬了,老大哥在两三波加息后压力全面增大,也会开始跟随美联储的步伐,这标志着新周期的彻底建立。这个周期钱会非常值钱,同时,个人背负债务会十分痛苦。

以上就属于个人的一点脑洞大开的产物,如果未来央行继续霜降,你就可以把他们当路边社报道,说明老大哥的智商的确不足以负担这么大的阴谋,但是如果央行坚决执行稳定货币政策,同时美联储开始加速进入加息周期,你也许就该重新考虑下个人选择了。

02
另外,现在的市场是在通胀还是通缩,有个很直观的数据,PPI和CPI,这两个数据近年来都处于连续的低位运转,CPI更是连续两个月处于1时代,这说明连放水都拉不起物价了。这绝非是很多人说的钱都去楼市了,而是货币政策已经失效的前兆。实际上,按照经济学的观点,适当的,轻微的通胀是有利于经济发展的。但是从各方面的数据来看,现在是连放水都刺激不起物价。

换美元我觉得没必要,因为只有一种情况下,换美元是大赚的,那就是彻底崩溃,以老大哥的能力和目前的态势,不至于到那一步。你如果只在本国内流通,美元的流通性太差,而且收益并不高。

对于大多数人的情况其实各有不同,所以不好给出具体建议,但是有一点我认为是可以说的:那就是不要欠债。现在的经济形势有点类似于上世纪90年代末,但是那时候大多数人外债都少,所以体会的并不明显,但是这一轮危机会给很多人补上这一课。而且那时候中国是在风暴外围,而这一次是在风暴中心。

这个区别最大的问题就是一切以阴谋来看待问题,经济运行,世界运转是有其客观规律的,在我看来,目前中国的经济一切都还是在规则内运行,他的所有行为都是符合现有规则的,都是可以解释的。最后谁会成为倒霉蛋不是国家决定的,而是经济规律决定的。中国历史上不是没有不讲规矩的时期,80年代懂经济的人少,不讲了一次规矩,结果引爆了危机,吓得某人上来以后,直接把央行不准在一级市场购买国债写进了法律,现在懂经济的人多,至少技术官僚都是喝过墨水的,那样的时代早就过了。

不会太迟,美元只要接着加息,最多不会超过两波,聪明的资金会想从楼市冲出来冲击汇市,但是楼市本身就是流动性很差的项目,所以大体上只要第一波释放掉,楼市的钱就全埋里面了。房产现在实质已经塌了,除了个别城市,大部分城市根本没市场,市场上的新闻很多都是房托放出来的,你要测试你本地的楼市很简单,你周围亲戚看看有没有要真卖的,对比今年的价格挂低两成出去,成交不了,说明你们当地的繁荣全是虚假的,要是你按去年前年的价格出还是卖不掉,说明已完。

今年我们搞了个大动作,叫营改增,实际上就是把财权上缴,逐步从地方收到上级。过去扩张时期,各地有钱了,队伍就膨胀起来,养了太多人员,现在日子不好过,支出肯定得减少,我估计以后的动作就是上面统筹,保证你基层不会出现以前90年代有的县城出现欠薪的情况,但是支出是有定额的,所以当初外围膨胀起来的人员应该会被逐步调整。按照惯例,好城市的公务员肯定会好过些,小县城的公务员日子又要回到90年代。

中石油40块一股的时候,你会想出无数的理由解释他值40块,现在他只卖7块钱你买吗?你们还年轻,上海房子只要4000块一平还送户口的年代你们没经历过罢了。楼市的问题说白了就是资金的问题,他是一个资金密集产业,只要资金一收紧,他就难以维系,今年这一波本质上是实业挤出的资金和社会游资在一线大搞配资。你只要看资金面一收紧,这个就得完,美元加息会导致外资进一步流出,楼市就面临风险就是这个原理。而且今年从5月以后,央行的政策就是收缩,这一波会在年底传导出来。大通胀要符合市场逻辑,央行变不出钱,基础货币在缩水,他选择扩大货币乘数不过是在对冲罢了,想印钱也是得符合市场规则的。

不符合规则,只有彻底变废纸一条路,这是不可能的,因为货币本身就是政权存续的标志,还有控制力的情况下,没有任何政权会容许自己的货币变废纸,所有一切东西在触及这个底线的时候都是可以抛弃的。战争的确是条去产能解决通缩的路子,这也是上个世纪初那时候的大国选择的办法,但是现在这条路子风险太大,不确定因素太多,我认为不至于。更何况现在是全球通缩,大家的问题都一样,这时候第一个跳出来是当雷锋当靶子,牺牲自己造福其他人。

03
有无数的朋友说我们会无限印钞,那么我要先强调下,至少在目前为止,我看到的情况,我们印钞都是有理论依据的。上次没有理论依据印金圆券的那位现在还在流亡桃花岛呢,所以这是关系到权利的大事,经济的问题再严重也没权利严重。那么我们就来说说印钞。

第一,首先是外生货币,这个很好理解,你干出口血汗工厂拿回来外汇,或者别人来投资,带来一美元,你给他兑成六块五人民币,这样,央行就能有了六块五人民币的本钱,然后再通过货币乘数,让下面的商业银行通过放贷把水放到市面上去,这个放贷工具里最好用的就是房地产和上下游相关产业,所以说房产是过去中国最大的印钞机这点的确没错,但是注意了,外储是因,房产是果,因果因果,没有因就没有果。中国目前的经济秩序,本质上是某人一手打造的,不管风评如何,但是他的确是一位中堂一样的人物,实业和财政方面的先不提,在金融上,他制定了银行法,规定了现在央行运转的大框架,加入WTO,带来源源不断的美元,这是市面繁荣的基础,而同时,最重要的是他给人民币找到了美元这个最重要的锚点,这是一整个的体系。

人民币在市面上号称小美元,你就可以知道他的特点,最主要的是找到美元这个锚点后,他可以彻底借用美元信用,所以外储是老大哥的根并不仅仅是我开篇说的那么简单,在这个章节你会发现更多深层次的东西,因为很多历史和政治因素,特别是80年代经济上的表现,人民币有一个锚点,取得信赖是十分重要的(额,自己体会,某些原因我就不展开了),这不仅仅是武力可以提供的,你只有有信用,别人才会来投资,才会相信你不是三胖一样的东西,你看三胖今天说开放就能开放吗?不可能啊,我要你那些废纸干啥。(当然,也许哪天三胖也聪明了,以人民币为锚弄币改,说不定他还真能吸引中国资本)。

所以这个锚就是一切的基础,大海上船只没有锚就会飘走,这个体系居然可以在某人之后十多年没有大修改的情况下独立运行,可见它的强大之处,而且从这个基础你也可以看出中美在经济上是多么的紧密,双方实际上是一个利益共同体,这个利益共同点是双方不会爆发冲突的真正基础,什么俄国中东那都是扯淡的路边社说法,但是有一个问题,在美国强势周期,美国需要对外输出美元,对内输入商品压制通胀的情况下,这个体系是完美的,但是一旦美元需要收缩,你这个就很碍眼了,对双方都形成了杀伤,首先是中方高达几千亿的顺差,简直不能忍,所以你要再继续贬值,美国也不同意,第二是美元回流,导致人民币的锚开始松动,所以中国前段时间开始储备黄金,实际就是为了稳定本币,要知道,美元之前,甚至包括美元都是金本位(有某些时间黄金不够了,以白银印钞),所以黄金的确可以起到一定的锚的作用,最大问题就是数量太少,少到跟流通货币比起来可以忽略不计,所以这就进入第二个章节,内生货币。

第二,内生货币,这个理论的研究在西方真正的开始成系统,来源于凯恩斯,没错,从这个章节开始,你会看到越来越多熟悉的词汇,实际上,老大哥过去几年的动作直指币改,就是打算开始用内生货币来弥补外生货币的流失,一堆水货经济学家只会跟着瞎参合,写出来的东西没有一篇能看的,弄一大堆故弄玄虚的词汇来忽悠人,连老大哥真正的目的都看不出来,这完全是摆在桌子上的。我一直觉得经济学就是要让人简单易懂,四个字能说明的不要写5000字,而市面上的文章,一堆数据,经常是七八十个图表都不知道他在谈什么,观点朝令夕改。OK,回到这个话题上来,国内关于这方面的著作,目前比较权威系统的有《中央银行与货币供给》,作者是盛*松成,翟春。盛*松成,现任央行调查统计司长。于是,你可以看到越来越多重要人物开始浮出水面,然后把这些珠子串成一条线,主要脉络就出来了。那么内生货币是怎么产生的?你把上面那本书读明白了就有系统的认识,当然了,我知道大多数人不读书,可能你直接翻也读不懂,那我直接放结论:金融创新推动货币内生性。还是看不懂?OK,再缩成两个字:股市。

在西方,股市是一个十分重要的工具,就是因为他不仅仅是一个融资场所那么简单,同时他还是货币的源头之一,所以你可以想象为什么我们说现代经济学里凯恩斯主义这么重要,大家看经济里,股市是个重要指标,就是来自于此。这和中国股市有着本质区别,中国股市曾经是一堆国有企业烂帐没法解决,所以干脆上市融资,所以我们发生股灾那叫赌场失火,重新装修就能开业了,美国发生超大股灾,那就是经济危机,性质和你炸了美联储差不多,所以美股必须讲究公平公正公开,监管的十分严厉就是在此,曾经有香港某些人还以为那跟港股一样,想去内幕交易,然后被FBI叫去喝茶原因就在于此。

那么他的原理是什么呢?这是很难直接描述的,大体上,就比如特斯拉在股市上市了,业绩冲天,但是他现在产能不足,于是要扩大生产,就去找银行信贷,银行觉得你业绩好,没有偿付压力,给出贷款,于是特斯拉拿钱去买厂房造汽车拉动经济,于是这时候,货币的内生性就产生了,银行对自己的贷款负责,一旦出事,本金出了问题,被挤兑了,那就破产,于是去年国内也出台了银行破产法,破产后你的存款最多只赔50万,你可以看出这是一环跟一环的,所以美股的数据必须真实,一旦虚假,出现大面积的银行倒闭,整个国民体系就会出问题,所以在对数据造假上,监管机构十分严厉。

同时,这还会让银行出现很大不同,那就是中国现在银行十分粗放,简单说就是吃利差,毫无技术含量,因为太复杂的东西,从业人员素质完全跟不上,但是一旦这些体系打造起来,对从业者要求会增高。中国的银行之前必须高存准,因为他的体系十分原始,从业人员素质不高,还有体制内的因素,所以准备金就必须高。那么回到那个话题上来,具体到股市,有什么变化呢?注册制。又一个熟悉的词。这就是要进行货币的内生性改革,彻底把一个赌场变成印钞厂,所以你可以知道老大哥这两年在股市的动作是什么意思,结果出现了那次股灾,导致注册制的启动延后,所以你可以理解有人这么黯淡离职的原因,要知道,这个级别很少会这么不体面…嗯,我们就不多说了。所以从这个章节,我们可以看到过去几年中国经济改革的一些主线脉络。 

04
说完了货币的话题,我们再来说说钱的事,我不止一次听人说M2要爆表啊,所以要通胀啊等等等,在开始这个话题之前,你要知道钱的本质是什么,否则你只会被人忽悠的满街跑被人卖了还替人数钱。

其实M2并不是真实印出来的钞票数,央行真实印出来的钱在央行公布的资产负债表里,有一栏叫储备货币,差不多29万亿左右,其中23.5万亿外汇占款,5万亿本币,数量是不是少的让你意外?这就是所谓的基础货币。

那么这29万亿是怎么变出149万亿M2的呢?很简单,假设银行准备金是17%,放出去贷款后进入流通领域又变成现金进入银行,这样反复运作,最后一块变五块,这五块就是货币乘数(以上描述肯定不严谨,为了让你们易懂简单说说,其实准备金率并不直接影响货币乘数,因为贷不贷是下头决定,同时还有各种其他因素)所以你只要明白了这个原理,一切就明白了,过去的十几年,中国的外汇占款飞速增长,这其中有很大一部分是中国干血汗工厂换回来的,08以后,外来资本的流入又带进来了很大一部分,一直到14年达到了顶峰29万亿的外汇占款,所以,因为有这些外来资本的迅速流入,中国的M2迅猛增长,尽管央行的存款准备金率一路从07年的9%,上调到12年的顶峰21%,但是因为输入的外汇占款的猛增,所以可以在市场上投放出天量的输出,加上12以后央行开始降准,所以你们感受中的物价飞涨基本来源于这段时期。而这一切在这两年形势彻底转变,首先是外汇开始流失,这代表什么?

代表每流失一元美金央行就得注销6块多人民币,外汇占款的飞速下降虽然不代表基础货币就一定会暴跌,但是时间长了,你就知道这长期趋势一定会是国内的流动性开始收紧,这时候央行开始降准,就是为了对冲这部分损失,放出更多的信贷来弥补流动性的不足。所以结论绝对出乎你们的意料,大概是从14后15年开始,央行并不是在印钱制造通胀,而是钱已经快没了,他在注入流动性来拯救市场。你是不是觉得这两年时间钱越来越难赚了,企业越活越难,这就是市场在通缩的表象,因为大家都没钱了,没人敢花钱。央行想要放水刺激出通胀,但是无果。那么为什么有的人觉得在通胀?这就是这个货币政策的问题所在。欧美长时间救市之后,总结出一个经验,就是长期使用货币政策后,货币政策会出现失效效应。怎么理解?

当你制造出一个长效通胀周期之后,产能严重过剩,这时候市场需求不足,你再注入流动性,他不会流通到你想要的地方去,而是开始在某个领域空转,因为资本是逐利的,这就是前文说的,你降准后,贷不贷,怎么贷是下头的银行决定的,现在做实业的全部亏钱,他放贷必然不会给实业公司,实业也不想借,最后大家一起借钱去赌博空对空。所以,七月的数据出来,新增贷款102%为房贷,这实质上就是货币政策接近失效的反应。那么回到前文中来,现在的大趋势是什么?美元处于加息阶段,外汇占款即使在老大哥的强力扭转下,不降已是万幸,在这样的大趋势下,是不可能有通胀的,你钱都没了你怎么通胀?

央行的货币政策使用并不是在制造通胀,他的每个释放流动性的举动不过是在弥补市场的损失罢了,而且因为货币政策接近失效,恐怕很长一段时间内他也不敢继续再有大动作,毕竟放水也是有成本的,呆死坏账多了,到时别说兑美金,光是人民币提款就能威胁银行的生存,所以从去年开始就有一句话,叫堤防系统性金融风险,你想想什么叫系统性金融风险?其实这些报告都是很有价值的,你得学会看懂这些报告。

人类往往是会倒霉在自己的经验上,就像那句老话,参谋们永远在为上一场战争做准备,过去三十年都是通胀,他以后怎么可能不是通胀?但是其实这个世界是在永远变化的。我发这个帖子不是为了证明什么,现实里科幻的情节多了,很多国家的选择也往往是非理性的,但是以后每次你在做选择的时候,你可以多想想这件事背后的原理是什么,总比被人一忽悠就去接盘好多了。

05
我们所说的货币,也就是那张红纸,那是必须要有载体的,没有载体,那下场就跟大明宝钞和金圆券一个样,不是你想印就能印,你必须在逻辑上能够自洽,不开玩笑的说,要是有人能找出一套全新的印钞办法,不同学界以往的路子,诺贝尔经济学奖就是你的了,虽然现在排队领奖的多了,但是你插队绝对没争议。

那么多国家因为最后实在印不出钱了债务压身,只好选择对外扩张,难道他们不知道接着印,印个没完来赖账吗?这原因当然不是因为他们太善良,不够流氓,你想想是什么原因让他们宁愿铤而走险也不走这条路?到底是什么样的东西会比战争更可怕?你仔细琢磨琢磨这句话。

我们前面说的是为什么没法印,印不出了,这个章节要说的是不敢印。这个章节我删减了好几次,保证现在就是洁本了。首先这要从一个现象说起,从08年以后,M2一直猛增到八九十万亿一百万亿那个阶段,反应在市面上的就是物价飞涨,人工飙升,今天你去菜市场买把菜五毛,下个月也许就变成一块了,一个馒头从一两毛升到个把块,市面上什么都在涨,我工人干活的工资也得涨啊,你不涨我活不下去啊,还打什么工,我不如回家种田,什么?你叫我爱干干不干滚,那行,我真滚了,反正市面上的公司工厂多了去了。你不加钱就真找不到人,因为整个社会的成本在上升,各行各业都在扩张,这时候整个社会需求都是在上升的,这才是最典型的通胀。


物价迅猛飞升,工人全部失业那不叫正常通胀,那叫恶性通胀,是社会秩序崩溃的表现,你们是不是南美委内瑞拉看多了觉得这是正常情况?这才是最不正常的。这种情况你还考虑毛的资产能保值,买把菜刀防身才是对的,哦,也许那时买菜刀都得用以物易物了。这种极端情况不太可能会出现,因为极端的情况必然是极端的条件引起的,比如外储耗尽,进出口停滞,市面上的钱就失去了锚点,就会爆发。请注意,这种极端情况是最糟糕的,任何国家都会极力避免的,这也是我开头说的,什么东西是比战争更可怕的东西的原因。我记得那时候有个笑话,就是小时候的梦想是工资两千块,坐办公室,现在终于实现了。这句话背后反映了两个真实的场景,第一个,通胀的年代,第二,中国曾经经历过通缩。通胀的年代你们的年纪相信是经历过的我就不讲了,通缩的年代是什么样的呢?就是那句话里描述的,好工作难找,有份好工作就是工人最大的理想。这个时代大概是90年代末,对应的是下岗分流,大家都是朝不保夕,那时候上海房子一平4000送户口没人要,为什么,我得先吃饭啊,我还得养家糊口啊。所有的人都在储备过冬,一拿到钱就收起来,根本不敢花,这就是通缩,什么房子,在生存面前不值一提。


好了,言归正传,回到那个话题上来,那个时段M2猛增,反应到市面上就是通胀,那么,从M2猛增到149万亿的这个阶段,为什么你们没经历过这样的场景呢?我要说你们早在通缩里了,你们肯定会说我胡说八道,这两年房租都在涨,怎么可能是通缩?但是其实人的思维是有惯性的,但是只要你注意,你就会发现这两年除了房租,物价整体是平稳的,除了个别因为供需关系和季节关系引起的价格波动,大宗商品,各类零售产品的价格不止是平稳,甚至可以说是下降的,你关注的只是季节性的供需性的涨价,你以为那是通胀了,其实不是,当他们回落的时候,你并没有注意到。我知道你现在思维的本能想抵抗这句话,不要紧,你一年后再来看,你会发现我是对的,当然,我们现在有分歧,但是至少你会认同,这两年没有出现当年那么大的涨幅,物价整体趋于平稳。那么是什么造成了这种情况,按理说,M2的增幅一点都不少,50万亿啊,不应该直接在物价上反应出来吗?


这里要先介绍一个人,海曼明斯基,他是一个至少值得一个诺贝尔奖的学者,但是当世界发现他的价值的时候,他已经去世了。那么什么叫明斯基时刻?简单的说,资本的三个阶段,第一阶段是正常的经营,企业可以偿本付息,第二阶段,信贷大为扩张,激进的投资之后,企业发现自己的净利润只能够还利息,本金还不起了,第三阶段,危机阶段,这时候债务快全面爆发了,因为连利息的窟窿都快补不上了,企业必须不断的拆借,夸大自己的资产来延缓债务爆发,这叫旁氏借贷。也就是说,其实,大量的社会融资都已经被用来进入旁氏借贷的循环当中,市面上的资金越来越紧张,这时候的宽松,其实钱滚到市面上的并不多,所以当然不可能冲击物价。这个数是多少?彭博社估计去年15.6万亿里至少一半多进入了这个循环。


那么这个循环有没有可能进行下去,当然不可能,信贷借出去的钱都是得还的,我存本金在你那,你拿出去贷款,最后我上门要提钱,你给不出来,这时候银行就有破产的风险,所以银行放出去的钱不是白放的,一定得保障安全,至少坏账率要在合理水平,所以再松下去,银行有全面破产的可能,所以接着放,央行绝对不敢,接下去一定是收紧货币。这就是第一个大问题,债务问题,其实现在既然决定要紧货币,那不如先美联储快一步加息,这也会阻止资本外流,但是这会刺破债务问题,在中国没人敢承担这个责任,所以最后一定是拖到没法解决了才有动作,等美元加息了再甩锅美帝。


第二个问题叫产能过剩,也许后面会详细说说,这里简单的说一下,中国现在的问题就是做啥都不赚钱,这就是严重的产能过剩,就是因为产能过剩,所以放出去的信贷只会变成坏账。你做什么赔什么,最后只能拿到村头赌钱,这可不就是坏账吗。现在和08年的时候最大区别也就是在这里,那时候是社会需求扩张,所以价格每次上涨都是真实的,能支撑产能上涨,但是你现在是需求下降,价格上涨是去产能去出来的,这有本质区别,所以每次价格回升都是假阳,因为价格上涨,信贷支持,产能恢复,价格立马回落,表现出来的特点是每轮涨价绝对涨不过前期顶部。一到点他就得往下。


但是同时,你注意了,就是因为中国是世界工厂,所以这也是不会发生恶性通胀的原因,像委内瑞拉,石油一回落,啥都得进口,没钱买他就得破产,但是中国可是世界最大工厂,所有种类一应具起,你涨价?太好了,哥们上,马上就给你做的没利润了。中国没法做的东西不多,CPU那玩意日子紧一紧就完了,又不是必需品。所以只要人民币保持稳定,外储没见底,世界工厂绝对不会发生恶性通胀。我相信这道理随便一说很多人都懂。所以以后的日子就是回到紧缩的日子,去产能去债务,考虑到现在庞大的债务和产能,这会是一个长期过程。


其实回头想一想,一切的根源在当初就已经决定了,当初人民币应该一口气涨到5,这样就不会有太多输入性膨胀,太贪,结果输入多了,大举举债,产能扩张,到最后做出来的卖不出去,市场通缩,陷入旁氏借贷,最后产能债务一起压顶,其实一切的根源,如果当初重来走另一条路会完全不一样。最后,我跟你们说个段子,你们不要对银行的债务太悲观:最近两年P2P理财线上金融飞速发展,反正我也不知道为啥,满大街突然就出现了这东西,而且规模大的好像也没人抓。最后,你惦记别人的利息,别人惦记你的本金,钱飞了,本金利息全没了,P2P跑路了。那这里钱干啥去了呢?一部分当然是骗钱的拿去挥霍了,但是这些骗子其实当初还是有远大理想的,想要快速做强做大,反正要通胀嘛,18%利息算毛,以后都不是钱,反正这钱是到处流,最后都当了接盘侠,套住了,没法变现,跑路吧。那你仔细一想想,他接的是谁的盘呢?反正世事就是这么巧合,当然我们不能说这是设计好的,反正这种事情就是各取所需吧,愿赌服输。


06
说个题外话,我们人民币想国际化是要配套很多改革的,首先是要自由浮动,不再由政府操控,第二是财富要有载体,你现在地皮是国家的,矿是国家的,外国人拿人民币什么都买不了,总不能拿着来一二线炒楼吧,你会想去莫斯科炒楼吗?所以这会是一个长期改革的过程,不改革就很难看到前途。

我们现在还是在美元体系中运行,现在是美元加息周期,全世界的美元要回到美国那里去,所以流动性谁都缺,就跟涨潮落潮一样,然后美联储顺势完成缩表。
这一次是美元从0利率回归正常利率,而不是从正常利率走高,来压制国内过热,耶伦其实早就告诉你了,美联储为什么要加息,就是因为如果美联储不加息,未来一旦再发生危机,那美元就裸奔了。也就是说,现在加息是为了以后有空间降息,否则美联储没有武器抵御下一轮危机。这和现在的世界大经济形势是一样的,大家都没有走出泥潭,所以才要继续准备过冬。所以虽然美元处于加息阶段,但是这一次的美元相比于历史处于弱美元阶段,而不是真正的强势美元,所以即使加息,美元指数应该也不会太高,同时,正是由于经济没有恢复,所以加息的机会转瞬即逝,所以这一波美元的加息速度一定会让你瞠目结舌。所以我的判断和格林斯潘一样,美联储接下来一定会迅猛加息,毕竟现在夜长梦多,现在这世道谁也不知道会出啥意外。

于是在这样的背景下,我们只能收缩。现在国内的货币乘数扩张也已经达到了极限,未来央行不仅不可能像过去那样宽松,还会收紧货币政策,从而对房地产造成压力。

对于有些人的状态其实我看的很清楚,对于刚需,我同情你,但是有的人欠了一屁股债,然后来天真的以为钞票会无限的印下去,最后印的纸币作废,从而自己也可以赖账,对于此,不要多想了,坚持到下轮货币扩张周期吧。
房价一旦下跌,房子就会变成风险资产,银行就会开始惜贷,现在房价前几的城市不用杠杆根本撬不动。现在信贷扩张已经到头了,我估计以后有贷款额度也会先给一手房解套吧,你想想要是二手房收紧信贷会是什么情况,按现在的房价,就算是首付六七成,谁能一口气拍出几百万现金?不开玩笑,这跟全款区别不大,买得起的就买得起,剩下只付得起首付的也接不了盘。
个人借贷对于银行现在肯定属于优质资产,你别看有的人说房价跌了就甩楼给银行,真的跌了敢不还钱试试?让失信者寸步难行,你以为这句话是说谁的?中国没有个人破产,你要是贷了200万,最后断供了,拍楼卖了100万,剩下的100万还得接着还。相比起来,企业大多都是有限责任,直接破产你还真没什么办法,更别提有的不要脸的还敢提债转股。银行对这些企业没什么办法,对个人花样多了,国情就是这样的。其实炒房的人远远比你们想象的聪明,但是在大时代面前,这点聪明是不够用的。
所以在美元加息周期和我们国内产能过剩及货币政策失效的背景下,只要我们选择放水,如果不是精准滴灌,本来假设你要降准补充的是60个行业,其他59个行业全部亏损,这时候必然导致一个情况,降准的钱全部跑到一个行业去。所以最后就是造成了一个行业的泡沫严重,其他行业加剧通缩的情况。如今已经不是央行想不想放的问题,他敢接着放,出来的全会转成不良贷款,债务会越滚越大,银行会破产的。

事物的客观规律不是以我们的意志为转移的,很多人老是意淫因为XXX很严重,所以我们一定不会让他发生。你想多了,从50后开始,违背客观规律的是什么后果应验过不止一次了。我通篇讲的就是现在已经到了那个时刻了,印不出,不敢印,没法印。不要再意淫因为XX很严重,所以我们不会让他发生。现在是XX已经发生,我们正在补救的问题。不会有奇迹的,我就是看明白了才敢这么说。
07
有很多读者问我房子的问题,那些说房子下跌就会被抢购的人,完全不知道房产价格一旦破裂,那就一文不值。
房地产的核心是什么呢?有人说是户口,是房子附带的资源,是人口的涌入,其实这都是表象。房地产的核心就一个字,钱。房产问题就是资金问题,房产现象就是资金现象。有钱进来他就涨,没钱进来他就跌,其实这道理很多人也慢慢总结出来了,但是他们分析不出钱以后会多还是少。
所以外汇飞速增长,央行释放流动性全进房地产的时期,他绝对不可能跌,他还得涨,你再调控有个鬼用,下面火这么旺你不把他扑灭了你指望上头凉?反过来,外汇占款飞速下降,央行全面紧缩你指望他能涨,他能拉的住价格,这可能吗?
现在一个月信贷就得几千亿,加上居民存款消耗,你怎么一个月也得一万亿,一年十几万亿才能拉住房产,你以后有这么多钱吗?其它的都是边角料,最后还是钱说话,所以这事很简单,你们盯死钱就行,外汇占款继续下降,央行继续紧缩,他就涨不起来。
当年的四万亿是以美元流入为基础印出来的。美元流入,地方愿意借,这才有后来的结果,那四万亿不是凭空出现的,恰恰就是符合了货币原理。最近几年债务猛增,那是因为近年内滚动的M2实质大头全是旁氏借贷带来的债务增长,现在的债务杠杆是经济最大的问题,与产能过剩并列,甚至我觉得这个才是优先度最高的问题,楼市在这两个问题面前都不是问题。
没有居民贷款,这个月M2已经下降了,这几个月趋势就是企业降杠杆,居民加杠杆,老乡冲锋在前。不可能的,这要是能循环,世界上所有国家都这么搞了,你要刺激生产,借出去大量的钱,这些债务最后一定得合理,不然周期就是进入了旁氏借贷,不然这些债务连借钱还利息都会给不出来,而且也没银行敢给了,央行从8月开始,一定会收缩货币政策,因为再放下去,银行就得全部领便当了,银行破产比国企破产严重多了,这也是我说的,为什么说货币政策的拐点来了。货币政策的拐点一定是楼市的拐点,不知道有些人能不能撑到下一轮货币周期。
经济一旦进入通缩阶段,你不能按现在的收入去预估,可能投资啥的都不赚钱,能有工作就是硬道理。另外,我的建议是,不要急于买房。今年上半年所有的资金已经全部进楼市了,绝不要相信楼市还能涨,那是房托吹出来的。你再拿一段,说不定拐点就来了,这个时间绝不会太长,到时候你就看明白了。
最典型的比如商业地产,就是商铺那类的,前几年的口号是一铺养几代人,现在你看商铺还有人要吗?金融属性越强的产品,一旦跌价决没有任何人接手,直到跌回他本来的居住价值属性。

这里有很多人是刚需,你们的苦恼我很理解,你说,让你下定决心卖房去睡马路,这个肯定不现实。不过既然是自住,一两套的也没必要折腾,只要你不是作死炒楼的,贷款一般也不过几十万,熬一熬,几年就过去了,下一个周期来临了以后日子就会轻松一点。所以过一段时间,如果我说的这些东西应验了,你也不必灰心,曙光就在前面,当你绝望的时候你想一想就有盼头了。其实在我看来,这个周期的前奏已经过了,现在已经进入中期,再过个两三年就进入尾声了。


很多时候普通人就是这样的,不知不觉的,当你发现事情发生的时候,其实已经快结尾了,但是你还以为才刚开始。如果你不知道这是为什么的话,你只会感受到,物价渐渐开始平稳了,市面上的生意开始不好做了,越来大家越没钱了,都在借钱,然后资产泡沫全破了,你看玉石文玩古董红木这些泡沫这两年有没炸的吗?然后企业发不出钱了,慢慢大家都开始裁员减薪下岗了,最后,所有人慢慢开始达成共识,新周期来了。错了,这时候这个周期已经快走进底部了,马上再过段时间又是新周期了,这时候满地的资产,但是大家只要钱。


所以普通人的人生就是这样浑浑噩噩的过了,几个潮起潮落,一辈子就过去了。所以你们其实是幸运的,这个世界上,正常人都会经历几个大转折周期,但是很少有人会完整的体验他的整个过程,往往是等他们发现的时候就已经结束了,所以你要好好的看,你看明白了整个过程,你的人生以后就不会吃大亏。


而且大多数人看问题只会看表象,看不到事物的核心。什么叫事物的核心?就举个例子,前几天还是个把月前我在步行街上看到一个报道,有人雇人买了一堆蛇去放生,最后那蛇跑的整个村子都是,太缺德了,而且怎么会有人这么傻,大体上评论都是这样的。


但是问题是这事不符合逻辑,中国人傻吗?当然不傻,中国人最大的问题就是太精明。所以买蛇放生,特别是一大堆蛇,我不信。我把这事修改了下,你们看看这样是不是更符合逻辑:这个村子在山里,附近有个养蛇场,现在销路不太好,继续饲养,那是赔钱的,而且不知道还要赔多少,你杀掉嘛,自己吃数量太多,储存啊,人工又是一笔开支,所以场主及时止损,找两人给你放生了,你看看这事是不是符合逻辑了?而且这事背后又可以找出更多东西,蛇的用途主要有肉,对应高端餐饮,有皮革,对应皮具加工厂,次要用途还有医药等,所以这事的背后,是高端餐饮和皮具这两个产业链不行了。过去一年,中国各种稀奇古怪的放生事件频发,本质上反应的是中国的养殖业正在走入萧条,而且下游产业正在破灭。


再比如标普前不久刚刚下调了美国某家房地产公司的信用评级到B-级,原因是这家公司的息前利润连覆盖利息都勉强,这家美国公司刚刚在资本市场上大发神威,参与并购某家龙头企业的股票,在当时,我看到坛子里有人说了一句,大意是:XX买股票是因为股票价格低,这家公司买股票是因为股票价格高。这位同志是真懂行的人。如果你能看明白这句话,你就知道为什么地王频出。如果你还不知道,我建议你去看看海曼明斯基,我说的以上故事是发生在美国,与中国无关,大家不要过分解读。以下是中国的故事。


2010年,国资委宣布了所谓的退房令,也就是部分央企还能参与房地产,其他企业将逐步退出。在那个时段,也是一个地王制造的十分疯狂的年代,09年中化40亿拿下广渠地块,疯狂的让败北的潘石屹大喊,他就是盖房子不花钱他也得赔。是中化方兴的领导比业内多年的领袖之一潘石屹更懂大势,更懂房地产,所以以那个价格拿地?当然不是,这个中原因你可以细细品味。


所以最后记者写啥你们信啥,他说通胀你们说对,今天肉涨价了,但是跌价的时候他不说,你看年初我买猪肉一斤20一堆人吵翻天,现在一斤都快跌破10块有人关注吗?最后忽悠得你们都以为还在通胀。上面的不能告诉你们正在通缩,要不没人消费就麻烦了,但是你们自己得去找这些道理。所以这就是表象和核心。


08
我跟你们说,大多数学者都是没发迹的时候是水平最高的时候,像郎咸平现在写的东西还能看吗?郭德纲天桥说书的时候绝对是他相声生涯的巅峰,再过十年,爬上去以后我肯定再也写不出这样的东西了,现在想想,还是挺伤感的。
其实人的一辈子碰上这种拐点的机会不会多,也就两三次,抓住一次机会这辈子就转折了,但是切忌不要贪,都是平头百姓别想一口吃成马云,你能上去一个阶层就不错了。
这世道,钱离了手就回不来了。理财产品你得等他跑路了你才知道他拿去干啥了,招标书上根本没有。这些东西说白了就是风险太大,银行不愿意接,挂卖的。更别提其他风险更大的东西,这类玩意你在经济上行期违约可能较小,但是一旦到了退潮期,那就千万别碰。其实就我个人来说,以后那个时期屌丝日子还是可以的,反正你本来也没啥可以失去的,只要别有负债日子不会和以前差太多,说不定还会更舒服,这波苦的就是乱上杠杆的。要是净资产高,那就更好了。

我们东北经济问题最先爆发,同时群众底子薄弱,给点工程大家都有饭吃,有饭吃就不会有大问题。其他东部地区人民还挺富裕的,存款坚持一段没问题,这是危机的应对路子。天要下雨娘要嫁人,老大哥也有走麦城的时候。这个事例正好告诉你,国家不是万能的。

我的判断是从世界上看,2019年这个周期将结束,中国国内的情况看去产能和去债务进度,这种东西只能走一步看一步。能活下来的都是好企业,不要增加太多应收账款,保持流动性,宁愿少利润也要尽量缩短帐期,没人说得清楚,因为货币政策一定是保密的,否则被人知道了时间套利了,这责任谁也负不起,美联储这次是不是要加息,这个答案值1000亿美金。所以再如何,也只能估摸个大方向,美联储要的就是别人看不懂。


新闻大家要学会看,比如这条,发改委:进一步引导利率下行空间依然很大 政策仍须进一步着力。其实我们各部门的利益是不一样的,FGW的意思是赶紧放,不放下面的都快死了 。
再比如,央行副行长:现在流动性充裕 可以支持各个市场,14天期逆回购操作给了市场更多的选择,会继续保持市场流动性的充裕。现在银行间市场的流动性充裕,完全可以支持各个市场。这个新闻其实是这样的,恰恰相反,说的是现在流动性充裕,我们不用放了。逆回购从7天变成14天,其实是提高了资金的使用成本,这是收紧的标志。
所以你们要是看不懂这样的新闻就会被忽悠。另外不管是MLF逆回购这些,都是短期货币工具,不能带来派生货币,目的是保持央行手下各个正规军商业银行的流动性,不是在放水,而且到期还得置换。这种工具用的越多,越说明央行现在不敢放水,所以必须用短期工具来保证正规军的流量不枯竭。你们别被媒体忽悠了,现在是金融绑架媒体倒逼央行放水,什么三天两头开发商跳楼,开发商死了多少那全是在造势。


退潮了,谁能带着自己的钱撤退,谁就是上轮经济周期的大赢家,然后负债的那部分人,就是这个周期的牺牲品,他们来为负责买单。每个周期都会有牺牲品,还记得当年的下岗吗,就是那样的。所以现在的主题就是看好你自己的钱,投资的楼盘都是要有资金成本的,时间长了负担不起,没有资金滚进来,这个旁氏骗局就继续不下去。所以你要是自住的比较多的城市我认为反而抛压不大,但是那些热炒的不行,杠杆加得多的,到时候这些城市会比较麻烦。


是的,以后这个国家要回到老实工作,劳动创造财富的年代了,无贷款很好,你以后会是受益者。现在市面上的繁荣都是欠钱欠出来的,08年以后,债务大举扩张,创造出了太多不属于市面上的消费能力,我在一个三线县城看到的路虎都比美国一个月看到的多,这就像透支信用卡,其实有些人目前的赚钱能力是支持不了这种消费的。


现在就是债务无法持续,前期加杠杆大举借债的需要清算还信用卡了。这些天量的债务,一部分我们打包,低息置换,烂账以后慢慢还,一部分就是转嫁到了其他人手里,就是借贷的这部分人。现在还保有大量现金的人,等于收到了这个周期的虚假繁荣的好处,又没有负担成本,因为全让别人承担了,所以他们是幸运儿。


09



如果你看清楚了我以上所有的发言,而且看懂了所有的话,你怎么会不明白我的意思呢?


1、我前面已经说了,中国是世界最大工厂,俄罗斯那是卖石油的,就是我提到的跟委内瑞拉差不多的货色,拿俄罗斯来比,简直似是而非,中国现在面临的危机就两个,债务压顶,产能严重过剩,中国一旦加息,债务危机就可能炸,所以我们必须扛住 2、基础货币投放,你们只要看外汇占款就行,外汇储备那是随汇率波动的,不减少不代表基础货币不减少。3、现在的信贷扩张就是已经到极限,再放下去,银行有破产的风险,我这些前面已经说的很清楚,以后人家来提款,你取不出钱怎么办?而且现在放水有啥用?一放出来全部拿去楼市赌博,以后美联储加息后,这些钱还会去冲击汇市,国内不赚钱了,那行,资本就出国。国家最怕的就是这个,想指望央行放水来给你们解套?做梦。4、中国不加息?只会是名义上的不加,一旦国内外利差迅速减少,人家资本是自由的,你想不让人出国就得给好处。


拿稳你的钱,不要去做任何冲动投资。我们不谈宏观大层面的经济和原理,你看看你的周围,所谓的有钱人和中产,他们手头还有多少人有现钱?


人人都觉得人民币要变草纸了,人人争着投资,个个欠了一屁股债,说起来财产全是不动产,以房子计价都是千万富翁亿万富翁,如果真的实现了,那大概世界大同就要来了。再来看看你周围的经济环境,连互联网三巨头都不招人了,你说现在大家是挣到钱的机会多了还是少了?所有人都在用房子对冲风险,杠杆加上去,负债越来越多,最后消灭流动性,这时候手里有钱的人变成了稀缺资源,钱又值钱了,最后的路径大抵就是这样的。


这一波财富洗牌会是历史上又一波起起落落的机会,首当其冲的就是手头有大负债的人,简单的说就是富人和中产,因为只有他们有资源加杠杆,特别是底层的小富豪,他们已经习惯了负债经营,习惯了加杠杆,他们的发迹得益于历史大潮,但是他们知其然不知其所以然,还以为是自己多么的英明果决,这一次是时候让大家真正的认清自己了。


人人都觉得今年的房产是财富最后的直通车,其实真不好说。拿好你的钱,不要想着去股市搏命,理财千万别买,退潮的时候,这些东西跟P2P不会有太大的区别,一百万最好分三个银行去存着,这时候你就是狗皮膏药,只要你牢牢的粘在历史的大车上,不要被甩下车,下一波大潮来临的时候,你就是最先复苏的人。记得,下落的过程中会有无数的跳升,这都是陷阱,都是假阳,别去抄底,抄在半山腰上的人不值得同情。
这不禁让我想起了香港,他们是不幸的又是幸运的。他们从来没有经历过楼灾,不懂得什么叫敬畏,上次香港房产泡沫破裂,给无数人上了一课,后来得益于中国大陆楼市带动,无数眼看着要被坑一辈子的人又解套了,你看看后来香港房产再次飙升,多少本地人去买?都是大陆人在买,因为本地人已经懂得敬畏,而大陆人不知道,他们没上过这一课,所以香港人是不幸的又是幸运的,而以中国的体量,如果房产套牢了,这辈子只能靠自己人解套了。
筹码没兑现之前就是纸上富贵。一人买房,全家出钱,每一套刚需盘都代表一个家庭未来十几年的购买力全被消灭。或许一业兴而百业衰本身就是一条不归路,最终我们还是要回归到劳动致富才行。
最后,什么是真正的复苏?中国的走势是紧随美国的,当美国开始复苏,开始对外输出美元,对内输入商品来压制美国国内通胀的时候,这就是真正的轮回。
本文转自 知乎 大文豪  曼因斯坦

Monday, April 6, 2020

Has Sweden Found the Right Solution to the Coronavirus?

Ithe COVID-19 pandemic tails off in a few weeks, months before the alarmists claim it will, they will probably pivot immediately and pat themselves on the back for the brilliant social-distancing controls that they imposed on the world. They will claim that their heroic recommendations averted total calamity. Unfortunately, they will be wrong; and Sweden, which has done almost no mandated social distancing, will probably prove them wrong.
Lots of people are rushing to discredit Sweden’s approach, which relies more on calibrated precautions and isolating only the most vulnerable than on imposing a full lockdown. While gatherings of more than 50 people are prohibited and high schools and colleges are closed, Sweden has kept its borders open as well as its preschools, grade schools, bars, restaurants, parks, and shops.
President Trump has no use for Sweden’s nuanced approach. Last Wednesday, he smeared it in a spectacular fashion by saying he’d heard that Sweden “gave it a shot, and they saw things that were really frightening, and they went immediately to shutting down the country.” He and the public-health experts who told him this were wrong on both counts and would do better to question their approach. Johan Giesecke, Sweden’s former chief epidemiologist and now adviser to the Swedish Health Agency, says that other nations “have taken political, unconsidered actions” that are not justified by the facts.
In the rush to lock down nations and, as a result, crater their economies, no one has addressed this simple yet critical question: How do we know social-isolation controls actually work? And even if they do work for some infectious epidemics, do they work for COVID-19? And even if they work for this novel coronavirus, do they have to be implemented by a certain point in the epidemic? Or are they locking down the barn door after the horses are long gone?
In theory, less physical interaction might slow the rate of new infections. But without a good understanding of how long COVID-19 viral particles survive in air, in water, and on contact surfaces, even that is speculative. Without reliable information on what proportion of the population has already been exposed and successfully fought off the coronavirus, it’s worth questioning the value of social-isolation controls. It is possible that the fastest and safest way to “flatten the curve” is to allow young people to mix normally while requiring only the frail and sick to remain isolated.
This is, in fact, the first time we have quarantined healthy people rather than quarantining the sick and vulnerable. As Fredrik Erixon, the director of the European Centre for International Political Economy in Brussels, wrote in The Spectator (U.K.) last week: “The theory of lockdown, after all, is pretty niche, deeply illiberal — and, until now, untested. It’s not Sweden that’s conducting a mass experiment. It’s everyone else.”
We’ve posed these simple questions to many highly trained infectious-disease doctors, epidemiologists, mathematical disease-modelers, and other smart, educated professionals. It turns out that, while you need proof beyond a reasonable doubt to convict a person of theft and throw them in jail, you don’t need any actual evidence (much less proof) to put millions of people into a highly invasive and burdensome lockdown with no end in sight and nothing to prevent the lockdown from being reimposed at the whim of public-health officials. Is this rational?
When we asked what evidence is available to support the utility of quarantine and social isolation, academics point to the Diamond Princess cruise ship, with 700 COVID-19 passenger cases and eight deaths. But the ship is an artificially engineered, densely packed container of humans that bears little resemblance to living conditions in most countries.
The other major evidence academics often cite is the course run by the 1918 swine flu, which swept the globe 102 years ago and was not a coronavirus. Philadelphia did not practice social distancing during the 1918 pandemic, but St. Louis did and had a death rate lower than Philadelphia’s. But how is that relevant to today’s crisis? Apart from the post hoc, ergo propter hoc nature of the argument, a key difference was that the GIs returning from World War I Europe who were carrying the swine-flu virus couldn’t fly nonstop from Paris to St. Louis. They had to land at East Coast ports such as Philadelphia. It’s therefore not surprising that the sick GIs rested and convalesced while spreading the virus on the East Coast, and they got better before continuing to St. Louis and other interior cities.
Basing the entire architecture of social distancing on the evidence from the 1918 swine flu makes no sense, especially when that architecture causes significant destruction in the lives and livelihoods of most of the American population.
But the social-isolation advocates frantically grasp at straws to support shutting down the world. It bothers them that there is one country in the world that hasn’t shut down and that hasn’t socially isolated its population. It bothers them because when this coronavirus epidemic is over, they would probably love to conclude that social isolation worked.
Sweden has courageously decided not to endorse a harsh quarantine, and consequently it hasn’t forced its residents into lockdown. “The strategy in Sweden is to focus on social distancing among the known risk groups, like the elderly. We try to use evidence-based measurements,” Emma Frans, a doctor in epidemiology at Sweden’s Karolinska Institute, told Euronews. “We try to adjust everyday life. The Swedish plan is to implement measurements that you can practice for a long time.”
The problem with lockdowns is that “you tire the system out,” Anders Tegnell, Sweden’s chief epidemiologist, told the Guardian. “You can’t keep a lockdown going for months — it’s impossible.” He told Britain’s Daily Mail: “We can’t kill all our services. And unemployed people are a great threat to public health. It’s a factor you need to think about.”
If social isolation worked, wouldn’t Sweden, a Nordic country of 10.1 million people, be seeing the number of COVID-19 cases skyrocket into the tens of thousands, blowing past the numbers in Italy or New York City? As of today, there are 401 reported COVID-19 deaths in Sweden.
The really good news is that in Sweden’s ICU census, which is updated every 30 minutes nationwide, admissions to every ICU in the country are flat or declining, and they have been for a week. As of this writing (based on currently available data), most of Sweden’s ICU cases today are elderly, and 77 percent have underlying conditions such as heart disease, respiratory disease, kidney disease, and diabetes. Moreover, there hasn’t been a single pediatric ICU case or death in Sweden — so much for the benefits of shutting down schools everywhere else. There are only 25 COVID-19 ICU admissions among all Swedes under the age of 30.
Sweden is developing herd immunity by refusing to panic. By not requiring social isolation, Sweden’s young people spread the virus, mostly asymptomatically, as is supposed to happen in a normal flu season. They will generate protective antibodies that make it harder and harder for the Wuhan virus to reach and infect the frail and elderly who have serious underlying conditions. For perspective, the current COVID-19 death rate in Sweden (40 deaths per million of population) is substantially lower than the Swedish death rate in a normal flu season (in 2018, for instance, about 80 per million of population).
Compare that with the situation to Switzerland, a similar small European country, which has 8.5 million people. Switzerland is practicing strict social isolation. Yet Switzerland reports 715 cumulative Wuhan-virus deaths as of today, for a death rate nearly double the number in Sweden. What about Norway, another Nordic country that shares a 1,000-mile open border with Sweden, with a language and culture very similar to Sweden’s? Norway (population 5.4 million) has fewer reported COVID-19 deaths (71) than Sweden but a substantially higher rate of coronavirus ICU admissions.
On Friday, one of us spoke with Ulf Persson in his office at the Swedish Institute for Health Economics. He said that everyone he knows is calm and steady, behaving with more caution than normal, following such government-mandated social controls as a 50-person limit on gatherings and only sit-down service at bars and restaurants. Persson estimates that the Swedish economy will drop about 4 percent because of the global economic shutdowns. But that’s nothing compared with the Great Depression unemployment levels of 32 percent that the U.S. Federal Reserve Board of St. Louis recently forecast for the United States.
Nature’s got this one, folks. We’ve been coping with new viruses for untold generations. The best way is to allow the young and healthy — those for whom the virus is rarely fatal — to develop antibodies and herd immunity to protect the frail and sick. As time passes, it will become clearer that social-isolation measures like those in Switzerland and Norway accomplish very little in terms of reducing fatalities or disease, though they crater local and national economies — increasing misery, pain, death, and disease from other causes as people’s lives are upended and futures are destroyed.
John Fund is a columnist for National Review and has reported frequently from Sweden. Joel Hay is a professor in the department of Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy at the University of Southern California. The author of more than 600 peer-reviewed scientific articles and reports, he has collaborated with the Swedish Institute for Health Economics for nearly 40 years.

Sunday, April 5, 2020

Blame the Chinese Communist Party for the coronavirus crisis

As the coronavirus pandemic sweeps the globe, one fact is increasingly clear: The Chinese Communist Party caused this crisis.
From the moment the coronavirus emerged in central China, Beijing has acted in a way that made a pandemic possible and then inevitable. It covered up what was happening in Wuhan. It silenced whistleblowers who sought to warn the world. It stole medical supplies from other countries, even while claiming the sickness was no big deal. 
At every stage, the Chinese Communist Party has lied. Now at least 50,000 people have died. And the number is growing by the minute.
Beijing’s culpability is the result of its oppression — its “socialism with Chinese characteristics.” The only way to stop a spreading sickness is to spread information even faster, giving people and countries the facts and the time to prevent a pandemic. China’s rulers made that impossible. Starting in December, communist authorities cracked down on anyone talking about the coronavirus.

China's censorship 

When a brave doctor warned his peers online, he was summoned by police in the middle of the night and forced to write a “self-criticism” — a classic communist method of silencing dissenters that forces them to confess supposed crimes. When Chinese journalists wrote about the sickness, their work was censored. When average citizens took to social media to share the facts, they were silenced. Beijing did everything in its power to prevent the outside world from figuring out what was really going on.
The truth was terrifying, although largely unknown beyond China’s borders. U.S. intelligence agencies have concluded that China systematically hid the real number of sick people, as well as the number of deaths. Sure enough, in mid-January, Beijing still claimed that only a few dozen people were infected with the coronavirus. The real totals of people infected and deaths were likely far higher, as my organization was already hearing from dissidents within China. 
Beijing’s lies lulled the world into a false sense of security. By concealing the extent of the coronavirus, China caused other countries to assume the situation was under control, or at least that they had more time to prepare. A senior White House official pointed out that Chinese data caused the medical community in the United States to think “this was serious, but smaller than anyone expected… we were missing a significant amount of the data.”
Ultimately, China’s incomplete picture led to insufficient plans in other countries. But Beijing’s omissions and lies didn’t just include the number of infected people. They also covered up the nature of the coronavirus itself. In doing so, Beijing violated international treaty obligations to which China is a signatory, including the International Health Regulations (2005).

If they had just been honest

Beijing denied until January 20th that human to human transmission was occurring. Yet at the same time, Chinese officials and state-owned companies were urgently acquiring bulk medical supplies —especially personal protective equipment like masks and gloves — from AustraliaEurope, and around the world. Put simply, Beijing hoarded the world’s life-saving resources while falsely claiming that people’s lives weren’t at risk.
The results have been tragic. China’s actions made other countries less able to contain coronavirus outbreaks. In some cases, those outbreaks were perhaps already underway but unknown, because China lied about the sickness’ spread. By that point, a pandemic was only a matter of time.
Now the world is facing upheaval unseen since the Second World War. Whole countries are shut down. Borders are closed. Economies are unraveling. Governments are mobilizing for an extended struggle. Billions of people are terrified.
But all of this was preventable, if the Chinese Communist Party had just been honest.
If Beijing had allowed doctors in China to raise the alarm and contain the threat, the virus could have been stopped in its tracks.
If Beijing had accurately described how the virus spread, people from New York to New Delhi could have prepared accordingly.
If Beijing had given the real number of infected people and deaths, other countries would have recognized the danger, and taken necessary steps.
But Beijing wasn’t honest. It lied. It is lying still. As a result, more than a million people are sick, and millions could die before the year is out. 
Their blood is on the Chinese Communist Party’s hands. If the coronavirus crisis proves anything, it’s that communism — its logic, its brutality, its incompetence — is still a grave threat to the entire world. 
The sooner communism is swept into the dustbin of history, the safer we’ll all be.
Marion Smith is executive director of the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation in Washington, D.C. Follow him on Twitter: @smithmarion

Saturday, April 4, 2020

Can You Be Forced to Quarantine or to Stay Home? Your Questions, Answered

Although quarantines are considered a measure of last resort, “police powers” give states, counties and even cities broad authority to make residents stay home.

States and local governments across the United States have issued some variant of stay-at-home orders covering more than half of all Americans. They range in severity from pleas to avoid gatherings and to stay indoors combined with business closings to mandatory orders with severe consequences, as in Hawaii, where violators face a $5,000 fine or up to a year in jail.
Rare in modern history, quarantines were fairly common in ancient times, before medicine stemmed the ferocious spread of contagious diseases. The very word quarantine is rooted in the Italian words quarantenara and quaranta giorni, or 40 days, the period of time that the city of Venice forced ship passengers and cargo to wait before landing in the 14th and 15th centuries to try to stave off the plague. Quarantines have often generated tensions between protecting public health versus respecting individual rights.
Here are answers to some common questions about how quarantines are imposed and enforced in the United States in the wake of the coronavirus.
The legal authority to impose quarantines or shelter-in-place orders on individuals is rooted in the “police powers” granted broadly to states, counties and cities to protect public health. That means for most Americans, a state or local stay-at-home order imposed to prevent the spread of the coronavirus will be far more important than any federal order.

When it comes to the federal government, it can impose quarantines under the Public Health Service Act for two main reasons: to prevent the spread of communicable disease into the United States or between states.
Although President Trump has said he would like to reopen the country by Easter, it is not clear that he has the power and authority to do this. The police powers held by states to protect public health came before the Constitution and it did not change them, said Lawrence O. Gostin, a professor at Georgetown University Law School who specializes in public health law. Mr. Trump, for example, could not go into a state and order a business to start operating, experts said.

A quarantine is designed to isolate someone sick or at least known to have been exposed to a contagious disease, whereas a stay-at-home order is meant to promote social distancing and thus lower the number of infections.

Quarantines are considered a measure of last resort when no preferable means is available to halt the spread of a deadly communicable disease. “We do not want to restrict people’s liberty unless it is necessary, unless we cannot achieve the public health end with less draconian measures,” said Wendy E. Parmet, the director of the Center for Health Policy and Law at Northeastern University.

No, the laws vary by state and even locality. Some 40 states updated their quarantine laws after fears spread over a possible broad anthrax attack in the months after the Sept. 11 attacks, according to Professor Gostin., He is the author of a legal template called the State Emergency Health Powers Act, which many states adopted in whole or in part. Some states retain antiquated regulations on their books.

It is a bit of a gray area. It often seems voluntary until the person involved tries to leave, at which point health officials are likely to make it compulsory, experts said. The rules are notoriously hard to confirm because county governments often do not publish their regulations online.
The bottom line, however, is that if a quarantine is not enforced and other people catch the fatal disease as a result, the local government could be held liable, Mr. Gostin said. “Thinking about this as purely voluntary is wishful thinking.”

Again, laws vary by state, but those who ignore the rule could face fines or jail time. Logic dictates that draconian enforcement would be difficult and often counterproductive. No local law enforcement agency would likely compound its problems by throwing a quarantine scofflaw with a deadly communicable disease in among its jail population.

Local authorities often have some form of enforcement power, but usually try gentle persuasion to convince people that it is for their good and the good of the community. An infected person blatantly ignoring an order might be forced to go into medical isolation — that is, some form of locked hospital ward.

Experts worry that many Americans might think they have the right to go someplace local like the supermarket without considering the consequences for others. “We have lost this tradition of the common good and social responsibility to each other and that could be a big problem in America,” Mr. Gostin said.

States should have some manner of appeal process, and some require a court order from the outset. If there is no medical tribunal or other means for a second opinion, ultimately anyone could challenge a quarantine order in court through a writ of habeas corpus.
Quarantine laws tend to be controversial because they are akin to jail time, using the coercive power of the state to tell people that they have to stay confined, even if in their own homes.
The C.D.C. rewrote its quarantine guidelines in 2017 and they have never been tested in court. The Supreme Court has also never dealt with an infectious disease quarantine case, Mr. Gostin said.
Under C.D.C. rules, the federal government must test those confined within 72 hours and define the length of stay from the outset — two weeks for the coronavirus because that is the incubation period for the disease.

The most famous recent test case was Kaci Hickox, a nurse who was initially quarantined involuntarily at Newark Liberty International Airport in 2014 upon returning from West Africa, where she had worked with Ebola patients.
After a few days, she was allowed to return to her home state of Maine but ordered to remain in isolation. Having tested negative for the virus, Ms. Hickox sued and the judge rejected the quarantine order.
With the help of the A.C.L.U., Ms. Hickox also sued New Jersey, which resulted in a settlement that gave arriving passengers more rights, including the right to appeal the decision and to seek legal advice.

The most glaring hole in American quarantine laws, experts said, is that there is no guaranteed salary. An employer could even fire a quarantined employee. President Trump has said that his administration would address financial relief for people quarantined.
If you are separated from the community for the public good, the government should provide medical service, essential medications, food and other social support if you need it, Mr. Gostin said.

They generally help slow the spread of the disease but sometimes do not depending on the disease and the conditions of the quarantine, experts said. In China, that seemed to decelerate the exponential spread of the virus, they said, whereas holding passengers on the Diamond Princess cruise ship in Japan appeared to create a kind of petri dish with more people infected.

The United States government lacks the broad authority to impose the sweeping quarantine seen in China, where some 70 million people were confined in the largest such effort in history. Italy, which has a more centralized government, attempted to lock down the entire country. But in the United States neither federal nor state law contains the powers for such expansive measures, Mr. Gostin said.
In addition, the United States does not really have the logistical systems in place to guarantee the distribution of medical services, food and other necessities to people under quarantine.
New York State decided to deploy the National Guard in New Rochelle, a New York City suburb and the center of a significant outbreak, to help provide those kinds of services and to help scrub public spaces clean. The center of the city is considered a “containment zone,” but it is not under quarantine.
The measures being implemented now around the globe are the most sweeping since the 1918 influenza pandemic.

In the United States, quarantines have been extremely rare. The last federal quarantine was in the early 1960s against a suspected smallpox outbreak. Instead the C.D.C. tends to issue health warnings, like advising pregnant women to avoid Southern Florida in 2016 during an outbreak of the Zika virus.
In earlier times, there were frequent legal quarantines, dating back to at least the early 18th century. The fact that they often targeted minority immigrant communities is a key reason that civil libertarians are leery about giving the government wide powers today.
Two of the most notorious cases occurred during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
In 1900, the city of San Francisco tried to impose a quarantine on Chinatown, arguing that a diet of rice made people more susceptible to bubonic plague than the more American diet of meat, and demanded that its residents submit to an unproven vaccine, according to Howard Markel, the director of the Center for the History of Medicine at the University of Michigan. Residents sued under the 14th Amendment, which guarantees due process and equal treatment under the law, and won.
In New York City, which once deployed health police armed with billy clubs and powers of arrest, an outbreak of typhus among Russian Jewish and Italian immigrants on the Lower East Side prompted the authorities to confine some 1,200 people on North Brother Island off the Bronx for several months in 1892.
Perhaps the island’s most infamous resident ever was Mary Mallon, known as “Typhoid Mary,” an Irish-born cook who infected dozens of people in New York, killing some of them, by changing jobs frequently and refusing to stop working as a cook.
Mr. Markel cited in his book “Quarantine” an example of the sense of sweeping power held by the authorities at that time, when they thought it was in the public interest to impose a quarantine.
Asked to testify in Congress about quarantining hundreds of immigrants on the island in 1892, Cyrus Edson, the New York City’s sanitary supervisor, responded, “We may take possession of the City Hall forcibly and turn it into a contagious disease hospital if in our opinion it is necessary to do so.”



特朗普将如何输掉与中国的贸易战

 编者:本文是 保罗·克鲁格曼于2024年11月15日发表于《纽约时报》的一篇评论文章。特朗普的重新当选有全球化退潮的背景,也有美国民主党没能及时推出有力候选人的因素。相较于民主党的执政,特朗普更加具有个人化的特点,也给时局曾经了更多的不确定性。 好消息:我认为特朗普不会引发全球...